Orthodontic biomechanics with intermaxillary elastics.

INTRODUCTION: Intermaxillary elastics are orthodontic resources widely used in various malocclusions. Their main advantages are low cost, easy insertion and removal by patients, and application versatility. As main disadvantages, we can highlight the need for cooperation from patients and the side effects normally present in treatments with this resource. Knowledge of the biomechanics involved in the use of intermaxillary elastics is essential to take full advantage of the desired effects and avoid unwanted effects in their use. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe the anchorage preparation, connection methods, time and force of use, and side effects involved in the use of intermaxillary elastics for the treatment of anteroposterior, vertical and transverse problems. For that, clinical cases and biomechanics schemes will be presented, in which all these details will be described.

Orthodontic biomechanics with intermaxillary elastics

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intermaxillary elastics are orthodontic resources widely used in various malocclusions. Their main advantages are low cost, easy insertion and removal by patients, and application versatility. As main disadvantages, we can highlight the need for cooperation from patients and the side effects normally present in treatments with this resource. Knowledge of the biomechanics involved in the use of intermaxillary elastics is essential to take full advantage of the desired effects and avoid unwanted effects in their use. Objective: Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe the anchorage preparation, connection methods, time and force of use, and side effects involved in the use of intermaxillary elastics for the treatment of anteroposterior, vertical and transverse problems. For that, clinical cases and biomechanics schemes will be presented, in which all these details will be described.

RESUMO Introdução: Os elásticos intermaxilares são recursos ortodônticos amplamente utilizados nas diversas más oclusões. Possuem como principais vantagens o baixo custo, fácil inserção e remoção pelos pacientes, e versatilidade de aplicação. Como desvantagens podemos destacar a necessidade de cooperação dos pacientes e os efeitos colaterais normalmente presentes nos tratamentos com esse recurso. O conhecimento da biomecânica envolvida no uso dos elásticos intermaxilares é fundamental para se obter o máximo de efeitos desejados e evitar os efeitos indesejados na sua utilização. Objetivo: O objetivo desse artigo é descrever o preparo da ancoragem, as formas de conexão, o tempo e a força de uso, além dos efeitos colaterais envolvidos na utilização dos elásticos intermaxilares para tratamento de problemas anteroposteriores, verticais e transversais. Para isso, serão apresentados casos clínicos e esquemas de biomecânica em que todos esses detalhes serão descritos.

Orthodontic treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate associated with maxillary canine/premolar transposition: case report.

INTRODUCTION: The cleft lip and palate is the most frequent craniofacial anomaly and as a consequence of this malformation some inadequate occlusal relationship between the arches are observed. Furthermore, dental absences, individual positioning changes of teeth as rotations, and in more rare situations the transpositions may be found as well. DESCRIPTION: In this context, in this article is reported a case of a 9-year-old patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate, with anterior and posterior crossbite on the left side, absence of the maxillary left lateral incisor, and transposition of the maxillary left canine and first premolar. The patient was treated with slow maxillary expansion, secondary graft and fixed orthodontic appliance, transposition maintenance and closing of the lateral incisor space with the first premolar, by means of mesialization of the posterior teeth. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment, good intercuspation and an important aesthetic gain for the patient were achieved. The analysis three years after treatment revealed a good stability of the results obtained.

Orthodontic treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate associated with maxillary canine/premolar transposition: case report

ABSTRACT Introduction: The cleft lip and palate is the most frequent craniofacial anomaly and as a consequence of this malformation some inadequate occlusal relationship between the arches are observed. Furthermore, dental absences, individual positioning changes of teeth as rotations, and in more rare situations the transpositions may be found as well. Description: In this context, in this article is reported a case of a 9-year-old patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate, with anterior and posterior crossbite on the left side, absence of the maxillary left lateral incisor, and transposition of the maxillary left canine and first premolar. The patient was treated with slow maxillary expansion, secondary graft and fixed orthodontic appliance, transposition maintenance and closing of the lateral incisor space with the first premolar, by means of mesialization of the posterior teeth. Results: At the end of the treatment, good intercuspation and an important aesthetic gain for the patient were achieved. The analysis three years after treatment revealed a good stability of the results obtained.

RESUMO Introdução: A fissura labiopalatina é a anomalia craniofacial mais frequente e, como consequência dessa malformação, observa-se normalmente uma relação oclusal inadequada entre as arcadas. Além disso, nesse pacientes também podem ser observadas ausências dentárias, alterações de posicionamento individual dos dentes, como rotações e, em situações mais raras, as transposições também podem ser encontradas. Descrição: Neste contexto, é relatado neste artigo o caso clínico de um paciente de 9 anos de idade com fissura labial e palatina unilateral, com mordida cruzada anterior e posterior no lado esquerdo, agenesia do incisivo lateral superior esquerdo e transposição do canino com o primeiro pré-molar superior esquerdos. O paciente foi tratado por meio de expansão maxilar lenta, enxerto ósseo secundário e aparelho ortodôntico fixo, aceitando-se a transposição e fechando o espaço da agenesia do incisivo lateral com o primeiro pré-molar posicionado nesse espaço, seguido de mesialização dos dentes posteriores. Resultados: Ao fim do tratamento, obteve-se boa intercuspidação e importante ganho estético para o paciente. A análise três anos após o tratamento revelou uma boa estabilidade dos resultados obtidos.

Occlusal plane canting: a treatment alternative using skeletal anchorage.

A canted occlusal plane is the cause of unaesthetic smile, and also represents a challenge, due to the complex orthodontic procedures involved in its treatment. The skeletal anchorage allows successful treatment of this asymmetry in the majority of cases, with less dependency on the patient cooperation and reducing the necessity of orthognatic surgery. Given this condition, this article aims at discussing the main aspects related to the diagnosis of occlusal plane canting, treatment plan, and orthodontic mechanics using skeletal anchorage either by mini-implants or miniplates. In this context, five cases will be reported, showing the main details related to the orthodontic mechanics used to correct the occlusal plane, avoiding side effects and successfully reaching treatment objectives and long-term stability.

Occlusal plane canting: a treatment alternative using skeletal anchorage

ABSTRACT A canted occlusal plane is the cause of unaesthetic smile, and also represents a challenge, due to the complex orthodontic procedures involved in its treatment. The skeletal anchorage allows successful treatment of this asymmetry in the majority of cases, with less dependency on the patient cooperation and reducing the necessity of orthognatic surgery. Given this condition, this article aims at discussing the main aspects related to the diagnosis of occlusal plane canting, treatment plan, and orthodontic mechanics using skeletal anchorage either by mini-implants or miniplates. In this context, five cases will be reported, showing the main details related to the orthodontic mechanics used to correct the occlusal plane, avoiding side effects and successfully reaching treatment objectives and long-term stability.

RESUMO O plano oclusal inclinado é causa de um sorriso esteticamente desagradável e representa um desafio, devido à complexidade dos procedimentos ortodônticos envolvidos no seu tratamento. A ancoragem esquelética permite a correção da inclinação do plano oclusal, na maior parte dos casos, sem a necessidade de cirurgia ortognática e com menor dependência da colaboração dos pacientes. Com base nisso, o objetivo desse artigo é discutir os principais aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico, plano de tratamento e mecânica ortodôntica envolvida no tratamento do plano oclusal inclinado com mini-implantes ou miniplacas. Nesse contexto, cinco casos serão apresentados, demonstrando os principais detalhes relacionados à mecânica utilizada na correção do plano oclusal inclinado com a utilização de ancoragem esquelética.

Orthodontic camouflage of skeletal Class III malocclusion with miniplate: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Skeletal Class III malocclusion is often referred for orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. However, with the aid of miniplates, some moderate discrepancies become feasible to be treated without surgery. OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a 24-year-old man with severe skeletal Angle Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite and a consequent concave facial profile. METHODS: The patient refused to undergo orthognathic surgery; therefore, orthodontic camouflage treatment with the aid of miniplates placed on the mandibular arch was proposed. RESULTS: After 18 months of treatment, a Class I molar and canine relationship was achieved, while anterior crossbite was corrected by retraction of mandibular teeth. The consequent decrease in lower lip fullness and increased exposure of maxillary incisors at smiling resulted in a remarkable improvement of patient's facial profile, in addition to an esthetically pleasing smile, respectively. One year later, follow-up revealed good stability of results.

Orthodontic camouflage of skeletal Class III malocclusion with miniplate: a case report

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skeletal Class III malocclusion is often referred for orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. However, with the aid of miniplates, some moderate discrepancies become feasible to be treated without surgery. Objective: To report the case of a 24-year-old man with severe skeletal Angle Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite and a consequent concave facial profile. Methods: The patient refused to undergo orthognathic surgery; therefore, orthodontic camouflage treatment with the aid of miniplates placed on the mandibular arch was proposed. Results: After 18 months of treatment, a Class I molar and canine relationship was achieved, while anterior crossbite was corrected by retraction of mandibular teeth. The consequent decrease in lower lip fullness and increased exposure of maxillary incisors at smiling resulted in a remarkable improvement of patient's facial profile, in addition to an esthetically pleasing smile, respectively. One year later, follow-up revealed good stability of results.

RESUMO Introdução: a má oclusão de Classe III esquelética é frequentemente tratada com associação entre Ortodontia e Cirurgia Ortognática. No entanto, com o auxílio das miniplacas, discrepâncias moderadas tornaram-se passíveis de serem tratadas sem a necessidade de cirurgia ortognática. Objetivo: relatar o caso de um paciente de 24 anos, com má oclusão de Classe de III Angle e Classe III esquelética, mordida cruzada anterior e consequente perfil facial côncavo. Métodos: o paciente recusou-se a realizar a cirurgia ortognática, assim, foi proposta a compensação da má oclusão com o auxílio de miniplacas na arcada inferior. Resultados: após 18 meses de tratamento, foram obtidas relações de molares e caninos em Classe I, e a mordida cruzada anterior foi corrigida, por meio da distalização de todos os dentes inferiores. A consequente redução na projeção do lábio inferior, associada à maior exposição dos incisivos superiores no sorriso, resultou em um perfil facial consideravelmente mais agradável e um sorriso esteticamente melhor, respectivamente. A análise um ano após o tratamento revelou boa estabilidade dos resultados obtidos.

Orthodontic retreatment using anchorage with miniplate to camouflage a Class III skeletal pattern.

This manuscript describes the treatment of a 27-year-old patient who was previously treated with two maxillary first premolar extractions. The patient had skeletal Class III malocclusion, Class III canine relationship, anterior crossbite, and a concave profile. As the patient refused orthognathic surgery, a miniplate was used on the right side of the lower arch as an anchorage unit after the extraction of mandibular first premolars, aiding the retraction of anterior teeth. At the end of treatment, anterior crossbite was corrected, in which first molars and canines were in a Class I relationship, and an excellent intercuspation was reached. Furthermore, patient's profile remarkably improved as a result of mandibular incisor retraction. A 30-month follow-up showed good stability of the results obtained. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as one of the requirements to become diplomate by the BBO.

Class II malocclusion with accentuated occlusal plane inclination corrected with miniplate: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: A canted occlusal plane presents an unesthetic element of the smile. The correction of this asymmetry has been typically considered difficult by orthodontists, as it requires complex mechanics and may sometimes even require orthognathic surgery. OBJECTIVE: This paper outlines the case of a 29-year-old woman with Class II malocclusion, pronounced midline deviation and accentuated occlusal plane inclination caused by mandibular deciduous molar ankylosis. METHODS: The patient was treated with a miniplate used to provide anchorage in order to intrude maxillary teeth and extrude mandibular teeth on one side, thus eliminating asymmetry. Class II was corrected on the left side by means of distalization, anchored in the miniplate as well. On the right side, maxillary first premolar was extracted and molar relationship was kept in Class II, while canines were moved to Class I relationship. The patient received implant-prosthetic rehabilitation for maxillary left lateral incisor and mandibular left second premolar. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, Class II was corrected, midlines were matched and the canted occlusal plane was totally corrected, thereby improving smile function and esthetics.

Class II malocclusion with accentuated occlusal plane inclination corrected with miniplate: a case report

ABSTRACT Introduction: A canted occlusal plane presents an unesthetic element of the smile. The correction of this asymmetry has been typically considered difficult by orthodontists, as it requires complex mechanics and may sometimes even require orthognathic surgery. Objective: This paper outlines the case of a 29-year-old woman with Class II malocclusion, pronounced midline deviation and accentuated occlusal plane inclination caused by mandibular deciduous molar ankylosis. Methods: The patient was treated with a miniplate used to provide anchorage in order to intrude maxillary teeth and extrude mandibular teeth on one side, thus eliminating asymmetry. Class II was corrected on the left side by means of distalization, anchored in the miniplate as well. On the right side, maxillary first premolar was extracted and molar relationship was kept in Class II, while canines were moved to Class I relationship. The patient received implant-prosthetic rehabilitation for maxillary left lateral incisor and mandibular left second premolar. Results: At the end of treatment, Class II was corrected, midlines were matched and the canted occlusal plane was totally corrected, thereby improving smile function and esthetics.

RESUMO Introdução: o plano oclusal inclinado representa um elemento antiestético para o sorriso. A correção dessa assimetria é normalmente considerada difícil pelos ortodontistas, requerendo mecânica complexa e, algumas vezes, até cirurgia ortognática. Objetivo: esse artigo descreve o caso de uma paciente de 29 anos, portadora de má oclusão de Classe II, com considerável desvio das linhas médias e acentuada inclinação do plano oclusal, causada pela anquilose de molar decíduo inferior. Métodos: a paciente foi tratada com ancoragem em miniplaca, para promover a intrusão dos dentes superiores e extrusão dos dentes inferiores em um lado, eliminando a assimetria. A Classe II foi corrigida no lado esquerdo por meio de distalização, também ancorada na miniplaca. No lado direito, o primeiro pré-molar superior foi extraído e a relação de molares de Classe II foi mantida, enquanto os caninos foram movidos para relação de Classe I. A paciente recebeu reabilitação por meio de implante e prótese no incisivo lateral superior esquerdo e no segundo pré-molar inferior esquerdo. Resultados: ao término do tratamento, a Classe II foi corrigida, as linhas médias estavam coincidentes e a inclinação do plano oclusal foi totalmente corrigida, melhorando consideravelmente os aspectos funcionais e estéticos da oclusão.

Orthodontic retreatment using anchorage with miniplate to camouflage a Class III skeletal pattern

ABSTRACT This manuscript describes the treatment of a 27-year-old patient who was previously treated with two maxillary first premolar extractions. The patient had skeletal Class III malocclusion, Class III canine relationship, anterior crossbite, and a concave profile. As the patient refused orthognathic surgery, a miniplate was used on the right side of the lower arch as an anchorage unit after the extraction of mandibular first premolars, aiding the retraction of anterior teeth. At the end of treatment, anterior crossbite was corrected, in which first molars and canines were in a Class I relationship, and an excellent intercuspation was reached. Furthermore, patient's profile remarkably improved as a result of mandibular incisor retraction. A 30-month follow-up showed good stability of the results obtained. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as one of the requirements to become diplomate by the BBO.

RESUMO Esse artigo descreve o caso clínico de um paciente com 27 anos de idade, previamente tratado com exodontias dos primeiros pré-molares superiores. O paciente apresentava padrão esquelético de classe III, relação entre caninos de classe III, mordida cruzada anterior e perfil côncavo. Como o paciente recusou-se a ser submetido a um tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico combinado, foi utilizada uma miniplaca no lado direito inferior, após as exodontias dos primeiros pré-molares inferiores, como unidade de ancoragem para a correção da linha média e retração dos dentes anteroinferiores. Ao término do tratamento, a mordida cruzada anterior foi corrigida, os primeiros molares e os caninos estavam em relação de chave de oclusão e uma excelente intercuspidação foi obtida. Além disso, o perfil facial do paciente teve considerável melhora estética, como resultado da retração dos incisivos inferiores. Esse caso foi apresentado à Diretoria do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO), como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO.

Skeletal class III malocclusion treated using a non-surgical approach supplemented with mini-implants: a case report.

We describe a 28-year-old man who sought orthodontic treatment complaining about the esthetics of his smile and difficulties associated with masticatory function. The patient had a straight facial profile, skeletal and dental class III relationship, anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. He refused orthognathic surgery and was therefore treated with camouflage orthodontics supplemented with the placement of one mini-implant in each side of the mandible to facilitate movement of the lower dentition distally, tooth-by-tooth. At the end of treatment, a class I molar relationship was obtained, with an ideal overjet and overbite and excellent intercuspation. Furthermore, the open bite and crossbite were corrected. Analysis 2 years after treatment revealed good stability of treatment outcome.

Má oclusão de Classe II, subdivisão, tratada com extração unilateral e ancoragem temporária (mini-implante): relato de caso / Class II malocclusion, subdivision, treated by means of unilacteral extraction and temporary anchorage (mini-implant): case report

Introdução: uma das opções de tratamento nos casos das má oclusão de Classe II com subdivisão é a extração unilateral de um pré-molar superior, no lado onde se encontra a alteração da relação molar. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo descreve o caso clínico de um paciente com 59 anos de idade, apresentando má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, subdivisão direita, com desvio da linha média de 3mm para o lado esquerdo e apinhamento na região anterior das arcadas superior e inferior. Métodos: o plano de tratamento estabelecido consistiu na extração do primeiro pré-molar superior direito, associada à utilização de um mini-implante durante a mecânica ortodôntica corretiva para fechamento de espaço. Resultados: ao final do tratamento, a relação dos molares foi preservada (Classe II, no lado direito; e Classe I, no lado esquerdo), foi obtida a condição oclusal de normalidade para os caninos e a coincidência das linhas médias. Conclusão: a avaliação clínica 30 meses pós-tratamento revelou a estabilidade dos resultados obtidos neste caso clínico.

Orthodontic treatment and implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient.

This article describes the treatment of a 61-year-old man who had a completely edentulous maxillary arch and partially edentulous mandibular arch. The patient was orthodontically treated to correct an anterior crossbite by distalization of the mandibular teeth using a removable prosthesis serving as an anchorage unit. Subsequently, the patient received two zygomatic implants, five conventional implants in the maxillary arch, and six conventional implants in the mandibular arch. By the end of treatment, the convexity of the facial profile improved, and esthetic and functional occlusion was established.

Retratamento de mordida aberta esquelética com intrusão dos molares superiores com mini-implantes / Retreatment of a skeletal anterior open bite by upper molars intrusion with mini-implants

A mordida aberta esquelética representa um grande desafio para os ortodontistas e seu tratamento muitas vezes está condicionado à cirurgia ortognática. No entanto, o advento da ancoragem esquelética aumentou a possibilidade de tratamentos compensatórios para essa má oclusão. Assim, nesse artigo será apresentado o caso clínico de um paciente de 29 anos de idade, com mordida aberta esquelética, tratado com intrusão dos molares superiores com um mini-implante em cada lado da maxila e barra transpalatina com botão de acrílico para auxiliar na intrusão. Ao término do tratamento, a mordida aberta foi totalmente fechada, sendo obtida excelente intercuspidação. A análise dois anos após o tratamento demonstrou que os resultados alcançados se mantiveram estáveis.

Unusual orthodontic approach to a maxillary canine-premolar transposition and a missing lateral incisor with long-term follow-up.

In this case report, we present an unusual approach that was used to treat a 14-year-old patient with a bilateral canine-premolar transposition and a missing maxillary lateral incisor. The orthodontic treatment involved maintaining the transposition and creating a space for lateral incisor replacement. Toward the end of the treatment, accentuated buccal root torque was performed, and lateral group function was established to improve the treatment outcome. Finally, an ideal esthetic and functional occlusion was achieved. The 8-year posttreatment follow-up records show the stability of this treatment.

Skeletal Class III and anterior open bite treatment with different retention protocols: a report of three cases.

The treatment of skeletal class III and anterior open bite can be unstable and orthodontists frequently observe relapse. Here, we report on the management of three patients with skeletal class III profiles and open bites treated by orthodontic camouflage. Each received a retention protocol involving the use of two separate appliances during the night and day accompanied by myofunctional therapy. Long-term follow-up revealed a stable outcome.